Kev paub ntawm lub lens
Ua ntej, lens optics
Kho qhov muag lo ntsiab muag: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov tsom iav yog los kho qhov tsis pom kev ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag thiab ua kom pom kev pom.Cov iav uas muaj cov haujlwm zoo li no hu ua "cov iav kho kom raug".
Kho tsom iav feem ntau yog ib lub lens, ua los ntawm iav los yog yas ntshiab.Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub spheres uas muaj qee qhov pob tshab thiab zoo ib yam refractive stroma uas yog denser tshaj huab cua, sib sau ua ke hu ua lub lens.Lub teeb tawg ntawm lub teeb tawm los ntawm ib qho taw tes rau ntawm qhov chaw khoom yog khoov los ntawm lub lens los ua ib qho duab taw tes thiab ntau cov duab cov ntsiab lus tau ua ke los ua ib daim duab.
Lens:
Raws li cov khoom ntawm lub lens, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub lens zoo lossis lub lens tsis zoo.
1. Ntxiv Lens
Kuj hu ua convex lens, lub teeb convergence, nrog "+".
(2) Tshem tawm Lens
Kuj hu ua lub lens concave, lub teeb muaj cov nyhuv dispersive, qhia los ntawm "-".
Muaj ob txoj kev xav sib txawv hais txog vim li cas cov iav kho qhov muag tuaj yeem kho qhov yuam kev ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag:
1. Tom qab lub qhov muag refractive aberration yog ua ke nrog lub lens kho, tag nrho cov refractive ua ke yog tsim.Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke refractive no muaj ib lub diopter tshiab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab nyob deb ntawm lub photoreceptor txheej ntawm retina ntawm lub qhov muag.
2. Nyob rau hauv qhov muag pom deb, cov kab teeb yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ntej lawv sib sau ua ke los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag;Hauv qhov muag myopic, cov kab teeb yuav tsum sib txawv ua ntej converging nrog tib neeg lub qhov muag.Qhov zoo diopter ntawm orthotic tsom iav yog siv los hloov qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqaj mus txog qhov muag.
Lub sij hawm siv rau lub lens spherical
Curvature: Curvature ntawm ib tug kheej kheej.
ø Radius ntawm curvature: lub vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm ib tug kheej kheej arc.Qhov luv luv lub vojvoog ntawm curvature, qhov ntau dua qhov curvature ntawm spherical arc.
ø Optical Center: Thaum lub teeb rays raug coj mus rau qhov no, tsis muaj kev sib tw thiab tig tshwm sim.
Cov kab teeb sib txuas sib txuas mus rau qhov taw tes tom qab dhau los ntawm lub lens, lossis cov kab rov qab txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov taw tes, uas yog hu ua Focus.
Lub refraction ntawm iav
Xyoo 1899, Gullstrand tau thov kom coj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov focal ntev raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub zog refraction ntawm lub lens, hu ua "Dioptre" lossis "D" (tseem hu ua focal degree).
D = 1/f
Qhov twg, f yog qhov ntev ntawm lub lens hauv meters;D stands rau diopter.
Piv txwv li: qhov focal ntev yog 2 meters, D = 1/2 = 0.50D
Focal ntev yog 0.25 m, D = 1/0.25 = 4.00D
Spherical diopter
Formula: F = N '- (N)/R
R yog lub vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm ib tug kheej kheej hauv meters.N ' thiab N yog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov xov xwm refractive ntawm ob sab ntawm tus kheej.Rau cov iav yas, thaum R = 0.25 m,
F = (1.523-1.00) / 0.25=2.092D
Lub qhov muag lo ntsiab muag yog ib lub lens tsim los ntawm ob lub spheres, uas nws cov diopters sib npaug rau cov lej ntawm cov lej ntawm cov diopters kheej kheej ntawm lub lens pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab.
D = F1 + F2 = (n1-n) / R1 + (N-n1) / R2 = (N1-1) (1 / R1-1 / R2)
Yog li ntawd, lub refraction ntawm lub lens muaj feem xyuam rau lub refractive Performance index ntawm lub lens khoom thiab lub vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm lub pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab qhov chaw ntawm lub lens.Lub vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab qhov chaw ntawm lub lens yog tib yam, thiab lub refractive index yog siab dua, qhov tseeb tus nqi ntawm lub lens diopter yog siab dua.Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub lens nrog tib lub diopter muaj qhov ntsuas pom loj dua thiab lub vojvoog me me sib txawv ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum.
Ob, hom lens
Division (luminosity) los ntawm refractive zog
Daim iav tiaj tus: daim iav tiaj tus, tsis muaj daim iav;
Spherical daim iav: kheej kheej luminosity;
Daim iav cylindrical: astigmatism;
3. Hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb (kom kho qee yam kab mob qhov muag).
Raws li qhov xwm ntawm qhov tsom
Lens tsis pom kev: tiaj tus, prism;
Kev tsom xam ib leeg: myopia, farsightedness lens;
Multifocal lo ntsiab muag: dual focal lens los yog qib siab lens
Raws li kev ua haujlwm zoo
Kev kho qhov muag pom
Refractive phem
kev tswj tsis tau
Amblyopia daim iav
kev tiv thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv teeb meem teeb meem;
Tswj lub teeb pom kev (Sunglasses)
Tiv thaiv cov khoom phom sij (cov tsom iav tiv thaiv)
Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv
Cov khoom siv ntuj
Cov khoom siv iav
Cov khoom siv yas
Thib peb, kev tsim cov khoom siv lens
Cov khoom siv ntuj
Crystal lens: Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog silica.Muab faib ua xim tsis muaj xim thiab xim daj ob hom.
Qhov zoo: nyuaj, tsis yooj yim rau hnav;Tsis yooj yim rau ntub (cov huab cua tsis yooj yim khaws cia ntawm nws qhov chaw);Lub coefficient ntawm thermal expansion yog me me.
Qhov tsis zoo: uv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb pob tshab, yooj yim ua rau pom kev qaug zog;Qhov ntom ntom tsis sib xws, yooj yim kom muaj impurities, ua rau birefringence;Nws kim.
iav
1. Keeb kwm:
Corona iav feem ntau yog siv, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb yog silica.Kev xa tawm ntawm lub teeb pom kev yog 80% -91.6% thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas pom yog 1.512-1.53.Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm siab refractive abnormality, lead iav nrog siab refractive index ntawm 1.6-1.9 yog siv.
2, optical yam ntxwv:
(1) Refractive index: n = 1.523, 1.702, thiab lwm yam
(2) dispersion: vim muaj qhov sib txawv refractions rau txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb
(3) Reflection ntawm lub teeb: qhov siab dua qhov refractive index, qhov ntau dua qhov kev xav
(4) absorption: thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm iav, nws qhov kev siv zog txo nrog qhov nce ntawm thickness.
(5) Birefringence: isotropy feem ntau yuav tsum tau
(6) Fringe degree: vim yog cov tshuaj tsis sib xws hauv cov iav, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov fringe txawv ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm lub khob, cuam tshuam rau cov duab zoo.
3. Hom iav lo ntsiab muag:
(1) Toric ntsiav tshuaj
Kuj hu ua dawb phaj, phaj dawb, optical dawb phaj
Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb: Sodium titanium silicate
Nta: tsis muaj xim pob tshab, siab txhais;Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet qis dua 330A, thiab ntxiv CeO2 thiab TiO2 rau cov ntsiav tshuaj dawb kom tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet qis dua 346A, uas yog hu ua UV dawb ntsiav tshuaj.Kev xa tawm ntawm lub teeb pom kev yog 91-92%, thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas pom yog 1.523.
(2) Croxus ntsiav tshuaj
William ntawm England nyob rau hauv 1914. Invented los ntawm Croxus.
Cov yam ntxwv: lub teeb transmittance 87%
Cov nyhuv ob xim: lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, yog li tseem hu ua xiav.Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub teeb incandescent yog lub teeb liab (muaj cov hlau neodymium) tuaj yeem nqus tau 340A hauv qab ultraviolet, ib feem ntawm infrared thiab 580A daj pom lub teeb;Tam sim no tsis tshua siv
(3) Croseto ntsiav tshuaj
CeO2 thiab MnO2 tau ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus dawb lens los txhim kho lub peev xwm nqus ultraviolet.Hom lo ntsiab muag no tseem hu ua daim ntawv liab vim nws pom lub teeb liab nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci thiab lub teeb incandescent.
Nta: nws tuaj yeem nqus tau cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet hauv qab 350A;Kev xa tawm yog siab dua 88%;
(4) ultra-nyias zaj duab xis
Ntxiv TiO2 thiab PbO rau cov khoom siv raw ua rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis zoo.Refractive index yog 1.70,
Nta: li 1/3 thinner dua li cov ntsiav tshuaj dawb lossis liab nrog tib lub diopter, haum rau siab myopia, zoo nkauj tsos;Abbe coefficient tsawg, xim aberration loj, yooj yim ua rau peripheral tsis pom kev, kab bending, xim;High nto reflectivity.
(5) 1.60 iav lens
Nta: Refractive Performance index yog 1.60, thinner dua li cov iav zoo tib yam (1.523), thiab thinner dua ultra-thin lens (1.70) muaj qhov sib faib me me, yog li nws yog qhov sib dua, haum rau cov neeg siv qib nruab nrab, qee cov tuam txhab hu ua ultra-light thiab ultra-thin lens.
Yas lo ntsiab muag
Thawj thermoplastic lens ua nyob rau hauv 1940 (Acrylic)
Xyoo 1942, Pittsburgh phaj iav tuam txhab, Tebchaws Asmeskas, tau tsim cov khoom siv CR-39, (C stands rau Columbia Space Agency, R stands for Resin Resin) thaum npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau NASA qhov chaw Shuttle.
Xyoo 1954, Essilor tau tsim cr-39 hnub ci lo ntsiab muag
Xyoo 1956, Essilor lub tuam txhab hauv Fabkis tau ua tiav kev sim-tsim lub lens optical nrog CR-39.
Txij thaum ntawd los, resin lo ntsiab muag tau siv dav hauv ntiaj teb.Nyob rau hauv 1994, lub ntiaj teb no muag ntim tau mus txog 30% ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm lo ntsiab muag.
Cov khoom siv yas lo ntsiab muag:
1, polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic ntawv, ACRYLICLENS)]
Nta: Refractive Performance index 1.499;Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 1.19;Thaum ntxov siv rau lub ntsej muag tawv tawv;Hardness tsis zoo, nto yog ib qho yooj yim mus khawb;Tam sim no nws yog siv rau cov tsom iav uas npaj txhij, xws li cov iav nyeem ntawv npaj.
Pros: Lighter dua iav lo ntsiab muag.
Disadvantages: deg hardness li iav lens;Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis zoo rau cov iav lo ntsiab muag.
2, resin daim ntawv (tus neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws yog CR-39)
Yam ntxwv: tshuaj lub npe yog propylene diethylene glycol carbonate, yog cov khoom tawv thiab pob tshab;Refractive Performance index yog 1.499;Kev xa tawm 92%;Thermal stability: tsis muaj deformation hauv qab 150 ℃;Zoo dej thiab corrosion kuj (tshwj tsis yog muaj zog acid), insoluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents.
Qhov zoo: tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm 1.32, ib nrab ntawm iav, lub teeb;Kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, tsis muaj zog, muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo (raws li FDA cov qauv);Yooj yim rau hnav;Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, siv dav (nrog rau kev siv ib nrab thav duab, frameless ncej);Cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj (ib lub teeb, ob lub teeb, ntau lub ntsej muag, cataract, xim hloov, thiab lwm yam);Nws lub peev xwm uv nqus tau yooj yim dua li cov iav lens;Yuav dyed rau hauv ntau yam xim;
Thermal conductivity yog tsawg, thiab "dej pos huab" tshwm sim los ntawm dej vapor yog zoo dua li iav lo ntsiab muag.
Disadvantages: tsis zoo hnav tsis kam ntawm lub lens, yooj yim rau khawb;Nrog qis refractive index, lub lens yog 1.2-1.3 npaug ntawm cov iav lens.
Kev loj hlob:
(1) Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s, lub lens nto hardening tshuab ua tiav;General resin lens, deg hardness deg hardness ntawm 2-3h, tom qab hardening kho, hardness mus txog 4-5h, tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab tau launched hardness mus txog 6-7h super hard resin lens.(2) Txhawm rau txo lub lens tuab, cov nplooj ntawv resin nrog sib txawv refractive indexes tau tsim ua tiav
(3) Kev kho dej pos huab: txheej txheej ntawm cov zaj duab xis tawv, lub luag haujlwm rau cov nplaum nplaum molecules, lub luag haujlwm rau cov dej nqus dej molecules, deg hardness molecules.Thaum cov av noo ntawm ib puag ncig qis dua li ntawm lub lens, cov membrane emits ya raws.Thaum cov av noo ntawm ib puag ncig siab dua li ntawm lub lens, cov membrane absorbs dej.Thaum ambient humidity ntau dua li cov av noo ntawm lub lens, cov nplaum nplaum molecules tig dej ntau rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab dej.
3. Polycarbonate (PC ntsiav tshuaj) tseem hu ua qhov chaw lo ntsiab muag hauv khw.
Nta: Refractive Performance index 1.586;Lub teeb nyhav;Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau frameless thav duab.
Qhov zoo: muaj zog cuam tshuam tsis kam;Ntau qhov cuam tshuam-resistant dua li cov lo ntsiab muag.
Cov tsom iav tshwj xeeb
Photochromic zaj duab xis
Nta: silver halide hais yog ntxiv rau cov khoom siv raw ntawm lub lens.Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ultraviolet rays nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, nyiaj halide yog decomposed rau hauv halogen ions thiab nyiaj ions, yog li hloov xim.Raws li kev siv ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, qhov degree ntawm discoloration kuj txawv;Thaum lub uv ploj lawm, lub lens hloov rov qab mus rau nws cov xim qub.
Qhov zoo: Kho qhov tsis zoo rau cov neeg mob thiab muab ob npaug rau cov looj tsom iav sab nraum zoov.
tuaj yeem kho lub teeb rau hauv lub qhov muag txhua lub sijhawm kom muaj kev pom zoo;Txawm hais tias nws lub xeev discoloration, nws ib txwm absorbs ultraviolet lub teeb zoo;
Qhov tsis zoo: lub lens tuab, feem ntau 1.523 iav;Thaum lub degree siab, cov xim tsis zoo ib yam (sib dua hauv nruab nrab).Tom qab lub sij hawm ntev lub lens, cov nyhuv discoloration thiab discoloration ceev qeeb;Cov xim ntawm ib daim ntawv tsis sib xws
Ua rau ntawm discoloration
1, lub teeb hom: ultraviolet luv wavelength lub teeb irradiation, ceev xim hloov, loj concentration;Ultraviolet ntev wavelength lub teeb irradiation, qeeb xim hloov, me me concentration.
2. Kev siv lub teeb: qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb, qhov hloov xim sai dua thiab qhov siab dua qhov siab (plateau thiab daus)
3, qhov kub thiab txias: qhov kub siab dua, qhov hloov xim sai dua, qhov ntau dua qhov concentration.
4, lub thickness ntawm lub lens: qhov tuab ntawm lub lens, qhov sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov xim tsis muaj xim (tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ceev)
Cov lus qhia muag cov ntsiav tshuaj photochromic
1. Thaum hloov ib daim ntawv, cov xim feem ntau tsis sib xws.Nws raug nquahu kom cov neeg siv khoom hloov ob daim tib lub sijhawm.
2, vim qeeb fading, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sab hauv, nws tsis pom zoo (cov tub ntxhais kawm)
3. Vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub lens thickness thiab discoloration concentration, nws raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob sib tw yog tias qhov sib txawv diopter ntawm tus neeg siv khoom ob lub qhov muag yog ntau tshaj 2.00d.
4, siab myopia zoo li dub, lwm ntug thiab nruab nrab xim sib txawv, tsis zoo nkauj.
5, nyeem tsom iav qhov nruab nrab xim nyhuv yog tsawg, tsis muaj xim hloov lens.
6, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag txawv teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws: domestic dua li cov lo ntsiab muag txawv teb chaws qeeb xim, qeeb ploj, xim sib sib zog nqus, xim muag muag.
Anti-radiation lens:
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv lens ntxiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, thaiv lub teeb hluav taws xob kom txo qhov muag qaug zog.
Aspherical lo ntsiab muag:
Lub dav hlau ntawm kev sib hloov (xws li parabola) muaj tib seem uas tsis yog ib ncig ntawm txhua qhov meridians.Lub ntug pom tsis muaj qhov txawv txav thiab yog 1/3 thinner dua li cov lo ntsiab muag ib txwm (prism yog thinner).
Polarizing lens:
Lub lens nrog lub teeb uas vibrates nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia yog hu ua polarizing lens.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv lo ntsiab muag polarizing: txhawm rau thaiv qhov glare ntawm lub teeb pom kev ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj tus.
Kev ceev faj rau kev siv:
(1) Durability tsis zoo, ntev kev sib cuag nrog dej, zaj duab xis nto yog yooj yim poob.
(2) thaum txhim kho daim iav ncej, yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov nyhuv polarization.
Ob chav teeb
Nta: muaj ob lub ntsiab lus focal ntawm ib lub lens, thiab lub lens me me superimposed ntawm lub lens zoo tib yam;Siv rau cov neeg mob uas muaj presbyopia pom nyob deb thiab nyob ze ua ke;Lub sab sauv yog lub luminosity thaum saib deb (qee zaum tiaj tus), thiab lub teeb qis yog lub luminosity thaum nyeem ntawv;Tus nqi nyob deb yog hu ua lub teeb sab saud, tus nqi ze yog hu ua lub teeb qis, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb sab saud thiab qis yog ADD (ntxiv lub teeb).
Qhov zoo: cov neeg mob presbyopia tsis tas yuav hloov cov iav thaum lawv pom ze thiab deb.
Qhov tsis zoo: pom deb thiab pom ze hloov dua siab tshiab thaum dhia phenomenon (prism effect);Nws yog obviously txawv los ntawm zoo tib yam lo ntsiab muag nyob rau hauv tsos.Lub zeem muag me me.
Raws li daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub lens bifocal, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
Ib lub teeb ci
Nta: qhov siab tshaj plaws pom qhov pom hauv qab lub teeb, cov duab me me dhia tshwm sim, xim me me aberration, ntug loj tuab, zoo nkauj cuam tshuam, hnyav hnyav
Flat ob lub teeb
Dome ob lub teeb (tsis pom ob lub teeb)
Yam ntxwv: ciam teb tsis pom tseeb;Lub ntug thickness tsis nce nrog qhov nce ntawm ze-siv degree;Tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov duab dhia yog pom tseeb
Progressive multifocus lo ntsiab muag
Nta: Ntau cov ntsiab lus focal ntawm tib lub lens;Lub degree ntawm kev vam meej band nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub lens hloov taw tes los ntawm taw tes los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab.
Qhov zoo: tib lub lens tuaj yeem pom deb, nruab nrab thiab ze;Lub lens tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ciam teb, yog li nws tsis yooj yim kom pom.Los ntawm txoj kab ntsug ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag tsis xav tias dhia tshwm sim.
Qhov tsis zoo: Tus nqi siab;Qhov kev xeem yog qhov nyuaj;Muaj qhov muag tsis pom ntawm ob sab ntawm lub lens;Thicker lens, feem ntau 1.50 resin khoom (tshiab 1.60)
Kev sib piv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm bifocal lens thiab asymptotic multi-focus lens
Ob chav teeb:
(1) Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cheeb tsam sib txawv.Cov tsos mob tsis zoo nkauj, ua rau tib neeg xav tias tus neeg hnav khaub ncaws qub
(2) qhov nruab nrab deb fuzzy, xws li: ua si mahjong, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Vim tias muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev: duab staggered lossis dhia, kom tus neeg siv muaj kev xav ntawm kev nce qib ntawm qhov khoob, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab taug kev ntawm cov ntaiv lossis ntawm txoj kev.
(4) Kev siv thiab kev loj hlob zeem muag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug txwv.
Cov kauj ruam:
(1) Los ntawm qhov deb mus rau ze ze ntawm qhov tsis pom kev, qhov nruab nrab qhov deb yuav pom tseeb.
(2) Zoo nkauj tsos, tsis pom lub caij nyoog.
(3) dhia tsis muaj duab, taug kev hauv cov ntaiv thiab ntawm txoj kev.
(4) Ob qho tib si tsim thiab cov khoom siv tau hloov zuj zus.
(5) thinner dua tib lub lens.
(6) Txo qhov muag nkees thiab txhim kho qhov muag pom kev.
Multi-focus lo ntsiab muag yog tsim rau cov khoom
(1) Presbyopia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov presbyopia.
(2) Cov uas tsis txaus siab hnav ob lub tsom iav (pom deb thiab pom ze).
(3) Cov neeg tsis txaus siab hnav tsoos bifocals.
(4) Cov tub ntxhais hluas myopia.
Kev tshaj lij:
Haum rau: nquag hloov qhov muag, cov kws tshaj lij (qhia), cov thawj saib xyuas (lub rooj sib tham), cov tswv khw, cov neeg siv daim npav.
Qhov tsis zoo: tus kws kho hniav, hluav taws xob lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tshuab (feem ntau yuav tsum kaw strabismus lossis saib), lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kaw ntev dhau lawm, yog tias koj xav tau lub taub hau nrawm nrawm, seb puas yuav tsum tau nyob ze lub zeem muag thaum saib, xws li saib lub lub rooj los yog txee rau ntawm phab ntsa (cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv dej, cov neeg ua haujlwm loj), seb puas yuav saib tsis pom kev deb (cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho, thiab lwm yam).
Physiologically:
Haum rau: qhov muag txoj hauj lwm thiab convergence ib txwm neeg, ob tsom iav degree txawv me me, myopia tsom iav tsev neeg
Tsis zoo: strabismus los yog zais strabismus, daim tawv muag hypertrophic obstructs kab ntawm qhov pom, siab astigmatism, siab siab brightness thiab ADD siab ntawm cov neeg.
Los ntawm hnub nyoog:
Haum rau: cov neeg mob presbyopia thaum ntxov nyob ib puag ncig 40 xyoo (yooj yim hloov kho vim qis qis ntawm ADD)
Tsis zoo: Tam sim no, ADD ntawm thawj qhov kev sib tw hauv Suav teb yog qhov siab.Yog tias ADD tshaj 2.5d, seb lub cev lub cev puas zoo los tsis yog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm hnav iav:
Haum rau: yav dhau los hnav ntawm bifocals, myopic presbyopia (myopic progressive multi-focus lo ntsiab muag yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau hloov mus rau)
Tsis zoo: tus thawj tsis hnav lub ntsej muag astigmatism, tam sim no cov qib astigmatism siab dua lossis muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev hnav lub lens tab sis qhov astigmatism siab dhau (feem ntau ntau dua 2.00d);Anisometropia;
Yuav piav qhia txog kev siv li cas rau cov qhua
(1) Qhia txog lub lens degree faib thiab aberration faib
(2) Thaum tus neeg siv khoom tso rau ntawm lub qhov muag, coj tus neeg siv khoom kom pom qhov pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev txav lub taub hau (tsho lub qhov muag nce thiab nqis, txav lub taub hau sab laug thiab sab xis)
(3) feem ntau 3-14 hnub ntawm lub sijhawm hloov kho, kom lub paj hlwb tsim lub cev muaj zog, maj mam hloov kho (ntxiv degree, lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntev).
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov teeb meem nrog cov lo ntsiab muag loj
Qhov chaw nyeem ntawv tsawg dhau lawm
Qhov muag plooj ze
kiv taub hau, undulating xav, wandering xav, co xav
Blurred deb tsis pom kev thiab qhov muag plooj
Tig lossis qaij koj lub taub hau kom pom thaum nyeem ntawv
Tej yam ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog cov lo ntsiab muag loj
Qhov kev ncua deb tsis raug ntawm ib tus menyuam qhov muag
Qhov siab ntawm lub lens tsis raug
Tsis yog diopter
Kev xaiv thiab hnav tsis raug
Kev hloov hauv lub hauv paus arc (feem ntau flattening)
Qhia cov neeg siv khoom siv lub lens loj
(1) Siv thaj chaw deb
"Thov saib kom deb thiab tsom mus rau qhov pom tseeb" qhia tau tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev deb thiab pom meej meej thaum lub puab tsaig nce thiab nqis.
(2) Kev siv thaj chaw nyob ze
"Thov saib cov ntawv xov xwm thiab saib qhov twg koj tuaj yeem pom meej."Ua kom pom kev hloov pauv hauv lub zeem muag thaum txav koj lub taub hau ntawm ib sab mus rau sab lossis txav ib daim ntawv xov xwm.
(3) Siv thaj tsam nruab nrab
"Thov saib cov ntawv xov xwm thiab saib qhov twg koj tuaj yeem pom meej."Txav cov ntawv xov xwm tawm sab nraud kom nyeem tau deb.Ua kom pom qhov muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm kev kho lub taub hau lossis txav cov ntawv xov xwm.Ua kom pom kev hloov hauv lub zeem muag thaum txav lub taub hau lossis ntawv xov xwm rau sab.
Tsib, qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub lens
Lub refractive index
Lub refractive index ntawm lub lens yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom siv.Lwm yam tsis zoo ib yam, lub lens nrog lub siab refractive index yog thinner.
Lens diopter (vertex tsom)
Hauv units ntawm D, 1D yog sib npaug rau qhov feem ntau hu ua 100 degrees.
Lens nruab nrab thickness (T)
Rau tib yam khoom thiab luminosity, qhov nruab nrab thickness ncaj qha txiav txim siab ntug thickness ntawm lub lens.Raws li txoj cai, qhov me me ntawm qhov nruab nrab tuab, qhov thinner lub lens tsos, tab sis qhov nruab nrab me me yuav ua rau.
1. Cov tsom iav tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau hnav thiab nyuaj rau kev ua thiab thauj.
2. Center luminosity yog ib qho yooj yim hloov.Yog li lub teb chaws tus qauv muaj cov kev cai sib thooj rau lub lens nruab nrab tuab, lub lens tsim nyog tiag tiag yuav ua kom tuab dua.Kev nyab xeeb chaw thickness ntawm iav lo ntsiab muag> 0.7mm Kev nyab xeeb chaw thickness ntawm resin lens> 1.1mm
Lens txoj kab uas hla
Hais txog txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib lub lens ntxhib puag ncig.
Qhov loj ntawm lub lens txoj kab uas hla, qhov yooj yim dua nws yog rau cov fabricator kom tau txais cov neeg siv khoom cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob deb.
Qhov loj ntawm txoj kab uas hla, qhov tuab ntawm qhov nruab nrab
Qhov loj ntawm lub lens txoj kab uas hla yog, qhov siab dua tus nqi sib xws
Rau, tiv thaiv zaj duab xis technology
(1) cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb;Yog li hais tias lub txheej reflected lub teeb thiab lens reflected lub teeb crest thiab trough coincide.
(2) Cov xwm txheej ua rau qhov kev xav ntawm lub lens xoom (monolayer zaj duab xis):
A. Lub refractive index ntawm cov khoom txheej yog tib yam li lub hauv paus square ntawm refractive index ntawm cov khoom siv lens.Thaum n=1.523, n1=1.234.
B. Cov txheej tuab yog 1/4 ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb, lub teeb daj yog 550nm, thiab txheej txheej thickness yog 138 nm
(3) Txheej cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
Khoom siv: MgF2, Sb2O3, SiO2
Txoj kev: Nqus nyob rau hauv high kub steaming
(4) Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub lens coated
Qhov zoo: txhim kho kev xa tawm, ua kom pom tseeb;Zoo nkauj, tsis muaj kev xav pom tseeb;Txo lub lens vortexes (vortexes yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub teeb pom kev los ntawm lub periphery ntawm lub lens reflecting sab pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab lub lens ntau zaus);Tshem tawm qhov illusion (lub puab nto ntawm lub lens txais qhov kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb tom qab nws mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim kom pom kev qaug zog);Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv rau lub teeb teeb pom kev zoo (zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov lo ntsiab muag tsis muaj qhov muag).
Disadvantages: roj stains, ntiv tes taw qhia meej;Cov xim ntawm zaj duab xis yog pom tseeb los ntawm lub kaum sab xis
Xya, xaiv lub lens
Cov neeg siv khoom xav tau lub lens: zoo nkauj, xis nyob thiab nyab xeeb
Zoo nkauj thiab nyias: refractive index, txhua yam muaj zog
Durability: hnav tsis kam, tsis deformation
Non-reflective: ntxiv zaj duab xis
Tsis qias neeg: waterproof film
Yooj yim teeb:
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo: lub teeb xa hluav taws xob, dispersion Performance index, dyeability
Kev nyab xeeb uv tsis kam thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam
Yuav ua li cas pab cov neeg siv khoom xaiv lo ntsiab muag:
1. Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua
Kev cuam tshuam tsis kam: ua tau raws li kev ntsuas SAFETY ntawm FDA tus qauv, lub lens tsis yooj yim tawg.
Lens dawb: cov txheej txheem polymerization zoo heev, qis qis qis, tsis yooj yim rau kev laus, zoo nkauj tsos.
Lub teeb: qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog tsawg, tus neeg hnav zoo li lub teeb thiab xis nyob, thiab tsis muaj qhov siab ntawm qhov ntswg.
Hnav tsis kam: siv cov cuab yeej tshiab silicon oxide nyuaj, nws hnav tsis kam ze rau iav.
2. Xaiv qhov refractive index raws li cov neeg siv khoom luminosity
3, raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau xaiv qhov kev kho kom zoo
4. Xaiv hom raws li cov neeg siv khoom tus nqi puas siab puas ntsws
5. Lwm yam yuav tsum tau ua
Cov khoom muag ntawm txhua hom lo ntsiab muag yuav tsum nkag siab raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub khw, suav nrog:
1. Cov khoom muag ntawm cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm
2, tuaj yeem hloov kho rau lub Hoobkas ua haujlwm ntau yam, lub voj voog
3. Lens uas ua tsis tau
Qhov tsis zoo: kev ua haujlwm nyuaj;Nto yooj yim rau khawb, tsis zoo thermal stability, 100 degrees Celsius hloov
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-01-2021